Plagiarism is increasingly evident in business and academia. Though links between demographic, personality, and situational factors have been found, previous research has not used actual plagiarism behavior as a criterion variable. Previous research on academic dishonesty has consistently used self-report measures to establish prevalence of dishonest behavior. In this study we use actual plagiarism behavior to establish its prevalence, as well as relationships between integrity-related personal selection and workplace deviance measures. This research covers new ground in two respects: (a) That (...) the academic dishonesty literature is subject to revision using criterion variables to avoid self bias and social desirability issues and (b) we establish the relationship between actual academic dishonesty and potential workplace deviance/white-collar crime. (shrink)

Kant entwickelt in der Kritik der Urteilskraft eine philosophische Ästhetik, eine Theorie der organischen Natur. Die beiden scheinbar heterogenen Gegenstandsbereiche sind durch das Prinzip der reflektierenden Urteilskraft, die Idee der Zweckmäßigkeit, verbunden, die der Mensch sowohl bei der Reflexion über die schönen Gegenstände der Natur und der Kunst als auch bei seiner Erforschung der organischen Natur zugrunde legt. Da sich alle Zwecke zuletzt auf den Endzweck des Menschen als moralisches Wesen beziehen, übersteigt die dritte „Kritik" schließlich die Bereiche von Kunst (...) und Natur und berührt Fragen der Moralphilosophie und der Moraltheologie. Zusätzlich entdeckt Kant im subjektiven Vermögen der Urteilskraft jenes Bindeglied unter den menschlichen Gemütskräften, das einen architektonischen Übergang zwischen den Naturbegriffen des Verstandes in der ersten und dem Freiheitsbegriff der Vernunft in der zweiten „Kritik" ermöglicht und die theoretische und die praktische Philosophie in einem einzigen philosophischen System vereinigt. Der vorliegende kooperative Kommentar bietet eine textnahe, fortlaufende Interpretation der „Kritik der Urteilskraft". Für die 3. Auflage anlässlich des 300. Jubiläums Immanuel Kants wurden alle Beiträge überarbeitet und auf den neuesten Forschungsstand gebracht. Mit Beiträgen von: K. Ameriks, J. Bojanowski, R. Brandt, G. Cunico, M. Foessel, E. Förster, C. Fricke, H. Ginsborg, P. Giordanetti, I. Goy, O. Höffe, A. Kablitz, G. Kohler, S. Mathisen, B. Recki, J. Rivera de Rosales, S. Roth und E. Watkins. (shrink)

Obwohl Kants Tugendlehre bei ihrer Veröffentlichung weithin unbeachtet bleibt, entfaltet sie in den letzten Jahren eine zunehmende Wirkung: ein revolutionär neuer Tugend-Begriff, der mit Nachdruck vertretene Gedanke von Pflichten gegen andere und auch gegen sich selbst, eine Auseinandersetzung mit "Liebespflichten" sowie mit Achtung und Würde. Der von Fachleuten verfasste Kommentar, der anlässlich des 300. Jubiläums Immanuel Kants in einer 2. überarbeiteten erscheint, entschlüsselt damit das letzte wichtige Werk Kants zur Moral. Mit Beiträgen von Monika Betzler, Jochen Bojanowski, Dahan Fan, Franz (...) Hespe Moritz Hildt, Otfried Höffe, Dieter Hüning, Heiner F. Klemme, Karoline Reinhardt, Elke E. Schmidt, Dieter Schönecker, Oliver Sensen, Amelie Stuart. (shrink)

Der Autor untersucht in diesem Aufsatz den Versuch von Schiller, den Gegensatz von Pflicht und Neigung, der in der Kantischen Moralphilosophie eine große Rolle spielt durch den Begriff der „schönen Seele“ zu überwinden. Auf dem Konzept der schönen Seele gründet Schiller den Gedanken der wahren Humanität. Der Autor prüft, wie der Gegensatz von Pflicht und Neigung bei Kant aussieht um dann zu untersuchen, ob sich das Programm einer Verbindung der beiden durch die „schöne Seele“ von Schiller verwirklichen lässt.Der Begriff der (...) Pflicht im Gegensatz zur Neigung bedeutet bei Kant im Gegensatz zu der Auffassung vieler Kritiker, keine formale Aufforderung eine Aufgabe zu erfüllen, gleich welchen Rang diese Aufgabe hat. Kant vertritt keinen rein funktionalen oder gar autoritären Pflichtbegriff. Pflicht ist bei Kant eine Beschreibung des moralisch Guten. Der Pflichtcharakter kommt deshalb zustande, weil das moralisch Gute aus verschiedenen Gründen, wegen sinnlichen Antrieben , nicht anerkannt oder befolgt wird. Aus diesem Grund muss auch genauer von moralischer Pflicht gesprochen werden, um die Pflicht von anderen Verbindlichkeiten abzugrenzen. Eine zweite Unterscheidung innerhalb der Kantischen Moralphilosophie ist die Unterscheidung zwischen Legalität und Moralität. Wer nach dem moralisch richtigen Handelt handelt zunächst nur legal, erst wenn das Motiv des Handelnden es auch ist sich nach dem moralischen Gesetz zu richten, dann kann man dem Menschen auch die volle Moralität zusprechen. (shrink)

Der Autor untersucht in diesem Aufsatz den Versuch von Schiller, den Gegensatz von Pflicht und Neigung, der in der Kantischen Moralphilosophie eine große Rolle spielt durch den Begriff der „schönen Seele“ zu überwinden. Auf dem Konzept der schönen Seele gründet Schiller den Gedanken der wahren Humanität. Der Autor prüft, wie der Gegensatz von Pflicht und Neigung bei Kant aussieht um dann zu untersuchen, ob sich das Programm einer Verbindung der beiden durch die „schöne Seele“ von Schiller verwirklichen lässt.Der Begriff der (...) Pflicht im Gegensatz zur Neigung bedeutet bei Kant im Gegensatz zu der Auffassung vieler Kritiker, keine formale Aufforderung eine Aufgabe zu erfüllen, gleich welchen Rang diese Aufgabe hat. Kant vertritt keinen rein funktionalen oder gar autoritären Pflichtbegriff. Pflicht ist bei Kant eine Beschreibung des moralisch Guten. Der Pflichtcharakter kommt deshalb zustande, weil das moralisch Gute aus verschiedenen Gründen, wegen sinnlichen Antrieben, nicht anerkannt oder befolgt wird. Aus diesem Grund muss auch genauer von moralischer Pflicht gesprochen werden, um die Pflicht von anderen Verbindlichkeiten abzugrenzen. Eine zweite Unterscheidung innerhalb der Kantischen Moralphilosophie ist die Unterscheidung zwischen Legalität und Moralität. Wer nach dem moralisch richtigen Handelt handelt zunächst nur legal, erst wenn das Motiv des Handelnden es auch ist sich nach dem moralischen Gesetz zu richten, dann kann man dem Menschen auch die volle Moralität zusprechen. (shrink)

Psychiatrisches Handeln sieht sich in besonderem Maße dem Risiko dogmatischer Einengung ausgesetzt. Schon dies stellt eine Parallele zu Fichte dar, dessen Wissenschaftslehre es ja auch wesentlich um die Kritik an unbegründeten erkenntnistheoretischen Vorurteilen, also an dogmatischen Fassungen von Theorien, ging. Seine - und auch schon vor ihm Kants - Transzendentalphilosophie wandte sich gegen das idealistische Dogma, nur der Geist als absolut freies Wirken sei von Bedeutung, und gegen das realistische Dogma, die Welt bestehe aus »real« außer uns und unabhängig von (...) uns existierenden Dingen, die wir zwar erkennend abbilden können und sollen, die wir aber dadurch nicht beeinflussen und schon gar nicht wesentlich mit konstituieren. Dieser Zusammenhang ist an anderer Stelle näher ausgeführt worden. (shrink)

Psychiatrisches Handeln sieht sich in besonderem Maße dem Risiko dogmatischer Einengung ausgesetzt. Schon dies stellt eine Parallele zu Fichte dar, dessen Wissenschaftslehre es ja auch wesentlich um die Kritik an unbegründeten erkenntnistheoretischen Vorurteilen, also an dogmatischen Fassungen von Theorien, ging. Seine - und auch schon vor ihm Kants - Transzendentalphilosophie wandte sich gegen das idealistische Dogma, nur der Geist als absolut freies Wirken sei von Bedeutung, und gegen das realistische Dogma, die Welt bestehe aus »real« außer uns und unabhängig von (...) uns existierenden Dingen, die wir zwar erkennend abbilden können und sollen, die wir aber dadurch nicht beeinflussen und schon gar nicht wesentlich mit konstituieren. Dieser Zusammenhang ist an anderer Stelle näher ausgeführt worden. (shrink)

O presente trabalho apresenta uma nova perspectiva de interpretação da Crítica darazão pura. O autor empreende uma leitura cosmo-politica da obra principal de Kant, não apenas por sua primeira Crítica conter referências políticas explícitas, mas, sobretudo, pelo fato de o filósofo de Kônigsberg apresentar nela umarazão que não é solipsista, mas sim republicana.

I am an M.D/Ph.D. student and work as a research assistant for the director of a division of the school of medicine who is an M.D. He assigned me to research a certain topic and gave me no guidelines or guidance as to how to do it. Nevertheless, I did the research and wrote it up. My supervisor liked the report and said that he thought it was so good that “I would like to offer you the opportunity to publish (...) it and list you as the primary author.” Some bells went off when he so grandly offered to let me author the report for which I had done 100% of research and writing. I consulted some other people in the field and they said that, as long as I was the primary author, it was legitimate for him to list himself as secondary author if he did some editing later. After editing the abstract only, he e-mailed his revisions to me and in a note at the bottom he asked me what I thought of his revised author order. His name was first, mine second, and the name of his girlfriend was third. I was shocked by what seemed to be a case of unethical author attribution and confronted him asking why he changed the order when we had agreed that I was primary author. He said that he had put in several hours of work. (shrink)

A teoria da justiça política, segundo Hóffe, fundamentada na justiça comutativa, sustenta que a fundamentação das reivindicações normativas da sociedade na comunidade discursiva, como o fazem Apel e Habermas em sua ética do discurso, é apenas uma fundamentação derivada, pois a comunidade discursiva necessariamente pressupõe direitos humanos. Por sua vez, a ética do discurso argumenta que os direitos humanos só podem ser legitimados através do discurso. Este artigo mostra que o pressuposto normativo tanto para a comunidade discursiva quanto para o (...) princípio da justiça comutativa é que todos os seres humanos são autorizados a uma partilha do mundo. Somente através desta premissa de uma justiça distributiva pode haver parceiros capazes de exercer reciprocidade e participantes do discurso que também tenham algo sobre o que tenham de decidir juntos. (shrink)

The focus of this article is to explain why there is still no qualified digital signature in Denmark as defined by the EU eSignatures Directive nor any other nationwide eID even though Denmark had an early start in eGovernment, and a high level of e-readiness compared to other nations. Laying out the technological, organizational and legal dimensions of eID in Denmark, and comparing these with a number of other European countries made it possible to explain this paradox. Thus, the three (...) main reasons for the special route development has taken in Denmark seems to be concerns over privacy, lack of intergovernmental coordination and lack of cooperation between public and private sector. However, with the recent tender on digital signatures won by the PBS and the roll-out of the NemID it seems that Denmark will finally—after twenty years of delay—have an eID which can be widely used in the public as well as the private sector. (shrink)

A joint effort by the University of California at Berkeley and Delft University of Technology to develop a graduate engineering ethics course for PhD students encountered two types of challenges: academic and institutional. Academically, long-term collaborative research efforts between engineering and philosophy faculty members might be needed before successful engineering ethics courses can be initiated; the teaching of ethics to engineering graduate students and collaborative research need to go hand-in-hand. Institutionally, both bottom-up approaches at the level of the faculty and (...) as a joint research and teaching effort, and top-down approaches that include recognition by a University’s administration and the top level of education management, are needed for successful and sustainable efforts to teach engineering ethics. (shrink)

Le Yaoundé PhD Seminar-Theories of Justice est un séminaire international et pluridisciplinaire qui se tient depuis 2012 à Yaoundé. Il réunit des professeurs et des doctorants africains et non africains ainsi que des professionnels et des représentants de la société civile autour de questions de justice sociale et de politique publique. À l'initiative de doctorants africains et non africains, il a été mis en place conjointement par la Chaire Hoover de l'Université catholique de Louvain et par le Centre d’études et (...) de recherches sur la justice sociale et politique de l’Université catholique d’Afrique centrale dans le but de bâtir une véritable solidarité entre le Nord et le Sud dans le domaine de la formation académique et de la recherche. The Yaoundé PhD Seminar-Theories of Justice is an international and multidisciplinary seminar which is held since 2012 in Yaoundé. It brings together teachers and African and non-African doctoral students as well as professionals and representatives of civil society around issues of social justice and public policy. At the initiative of African and non-African students, it has been implemented jointly by the Hoover Chair of the Catholic University of Louvain and the Centre of studies and research on social justice and political of the Catholic University of Central Africa in order to build a genuine solidarity between the North and the South in the field of academic training and research. (shrink)

The scarcity of goods is one of the central problems medical ethics has to deal with. Scarcity results from the connection of a naturallack of goods and human pleonexia, i.e. the desire always to wish for more. The old and the new answer on the problern of pleonexia is temperance which in the health care system could prove itself by considerately dealing with a permanently growing measure of different medical treatments. But since individual temperance can not be generally guaranteed, the (...) question of justice, of a just organization of the Health Care System remains to be answered. A fair weighing of goods, to give a concrete example, is necessary in order to clarify which significance the health care system ought to have in politics, compared with other political topics, for example education. Moreover it is necessary to know for which of the possible medical treatments there exists a just claim for everybody. For this reason a model of health care insurance with different stages is considered. (shrink)

No presente artigo, o autor apresenta um balanço do debate em torno da questão da clonagem de seres humanos, apontando os limites argumentativos na discussão sobre a clonagem reprodutiva e a clonagem terapêutica. PALAVRAS-CHAVE – Clonagem reprodutiva. Clonagem terapêutica. Ética. ABSTRACT In this study the author offers an evaluation of the debate concerning the topic of cloning of human beings, pointing out to the argumentative limits in the discussion about reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning. KEY WORDS – Reproductive cloning. Therapeutic (...) cloning. Ethics. (shrink)

Nesta conferência, o autor apresenta a sua visão de uma república mundial. Inicialmente explicita a sua concepção de globalização, desenvolvida mais detalhadamente em seu livro Democracia na era da globalização, para depois apresentar e refutar cinco objeções ao seu projeto de uma sociedade mundial.

This is the first comprehensive translation of the expanded French version of E.F.F. Chladni's Traité d'Acoustique, using Chladni's 1802 Die Akustik for reference and clarification. Chladni's experiments and observations with sound and vibrations profoundly influenced the development of the field of Acoustics. The famous Chladni diagrams along with other observations are contained in Die Akustik, published in German in 1802 and Traité d'Acoustique, a greatly expanded version, published in French in 1809. The present translation was undertaken by Robert T. Beyer, (...) PhD (1920-2008), noted acoustician, Professor of Physics at Brown University, and Gold Medal recipient of the Acoustical Society of America. Along with many other projects completed over the course of his career, Dr. Beyer translated Von Neumann's seminal work, Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics from the original German, spent 30 years translating Russian physics treatises and journals, served as editor of the English translation of the Soviet Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics, and also authored Sounds of our Times: Two Hundred Years of Acoustics. Represents the first comprehensive English translation of a seminal work in acoustics Translated by a prominent acoustician, and former Gold Medal recipient of the Acoustical Society of America In addition to the classic experiments with glass plates and violin bows, covers topics in music, architecture, and anatomy of human and animal hearing Appeals to a wide audience in physics, acoustics, and history of science. (shrink)

THEODORE KISIEL Date of birth: October 30,1930. Place of birth: Brackenridge, Pennsylvania. Date of institution of highest degree: PhD., Duquesne University, 1962. Academic appointments: University of Dayton; Canisius College; Northwestern University; Duquesne University; Northern Illinois University. I first left the university to pursue a career in metallurgical research and nuclear technology. But I soon found myself drawn back to the uni versity to 'round out' an overly specialized education. It was along this path that I was 'waylaid' into philosophy by (...) teachers like H. L. Van Breda and Bernard Boelen. The philosophy department at Duquesne University was then (1958-1962) a veritable "little Louvain," and the Belgian-Dutch connection exposed me to (among other visiting scholars) Jean Ladriere and Joe Kockelmans, who planted the seeds which eventually led me to the hybrid discipline of a hermeneutics of natural science, and prompted me soon after graduation to make the first of numerous extended visits to Belgium and Germany. The endeavor to learn French and German led me to the task of translating the phenomenological literature bearing especially on natural science and on Heidegger. The talk in the sixties was of a "continental divide" in philosophy between Europe and the Anglo-American world. But in designing my courses in the philosophy of science, I naturally gravitated to the works of Hanson, Kuhn, Polanyi and Toulmin without at first fully realizing why I felt such a strong kinship with them, beyond their common anti positivism. (shrink)

Um dos grandes problemas postos pelo tema dos direitos humanos à filosofia é, entre outros, o de sua fundamentação filosófica. No pano de fundo deste debate, surgem questões específicas: como se pode fundamentar/justificar filosoficamente a exigência de reconhecimento aos direitos humanos? Neste estudo, procuro abordar, de modo direto, o núcleo argumentativo sobre o qual está estruturada da proposta de Höffe. Para ele, os direitos humanos têm uma profunda relação com a noção de justiça. O conceito de justiça, na sua concepção, (...) deve ser entendido fundamentalmente como troca. Embora o conceito pareça demasiado simples, ele oferece uma série de dificuldades no que se refere à sua fundamentação. (shrink)

One of the major problems posed by the human rights issue to philosophy is its philosophical foundation. The background of this discussion raises questions such as: how can one philosophically explain / justify the demand for human rights recognition? This paper focuses on the argumentative basis on which Höffe structures his proposal. For him human rights are closely connected to the concept of justice. This concept must be understood primarily as an exchange (Gerechtigkeit als Tausch). Although the concept seems simple, (...) it offers many difficulties regarding its foundation. (shrink)

Changes being introduced to deregulate the Dutch health care system after decades of extensive state control are to be welcomed, and will in future require consumers to be ‘well‐informed, cost‐conscious and assertive patients, who are aware of their responsibility for their own health.’ R.B. Kool MD, PhD and E.J.J.M. Kimman PhD are attached to the Department of Business Ethics in the Faculty of Economics and Econometrics at The Free University, P.O. Box 7161, 10107 MC Amsterdam.